Penceraian di Malaysia

Hari ini, saya ingin berkongsi ilmu berkenaan penceraian. Penceraian ini untuk bukan Muslim.

Terdapat 2 jenis penceraian. Penceraian bersama iaitu penceraian yang disetuju oleh kedua-dua iaitu suami dan isteri. 

Penceraian unilateral ialah penceraian dibangkitkan oleh salah satu pihak dan penceraian sebegini timbul akibat daripada:-

(a) Suami atau isteri melarikan diri dan tidak tahu kedudukan terkini suami dan isteri;

(b) Suami dan isteri berpisah 2 tahun;

(c) Suami dan isteri mempunyai hubungan sulit dengan pihak ketiga (adultery) dan lain-lain

Apa perbezaaan antara penceraian bersama dan penceraian unilateral?

Penceraian bersama 

(a) pasangan suami dan isteri hanya perlu menghadiri ke Mahkamah sekali sahaja.

(b) mengambil masa yang cepat

(c) Isu nafkah isteri, nafkah anak dan hak jagaan anak ditentukan oleh suami dan isteri

Penceraian unilateral 

(a)  pasangan suami dan isteri mungkin perlu menghadiri ke Mahkamah lebih daripada satu kali dan perlu duduk di kandang saksi sebagai saksi 

(b) mengambil masa yang panjang

(c) Isu nafkah isteri, nafkah anak, hak jagaan anak ditentukan oleh Mahkamah

Malaysia Legal System

The hierarchy of courts begins from the Magistrates' Court, Sessions Court, High Court, Court of Appeal, and finally, the Federal Court. There are two statutes which are relevant to jurisdiction of court ie Subordinate Court Act 1948 and Court of Judicature Act 1964.

 Article 121 of the Constitution provides for two High Courts of co-ordinate jurisdiction, the High Court in Malaya, and the High Court in Sabah and Sarawak. Thus this creates two separate local jurisdiction of the courts – for Peninsular Malaysia and for East Malaysia. The highest position in the judiciary of Malaysia is the Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Malaysia(also known as the Chief Justice of Malaysia), followed by the President of the Court of Appeal, the Chief Judge of Malaya, and the Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak. The superior courts are the High Court, Court of Appeal, and the Federal Court, while the Magistrates' Courts and the Sessions Courts are classified as subordinate courts.

Magistrates Courts

Magistrates are divided into First Class and Second Class Magistrates, the former being legally qualified and having greater powers. Second Class Magistrates are now not normally appoint

In criminal matters, First Class Magistrates' Courts generally have power to try all offences of which the maximum term of imprisonment does not exceed 10 years or which are punishable with fine only, but may pass sentences of not more than five years imprisonment, a fine of up to RM10,000, and/or up to twelve strokes of the cane under section 87 (1) Subordinate Court Act 1948. The Magistrates Courts hear all civil matters with less than RM100,000 in dispute. The Magistrates' Courts also hear appeals from the Penghulu's Courts.

Session court

The monetary jurisdiction is not exceeded RM1,000,000-00 Ringgit Malaysia. 

High Court

The two High Courts in Malaysia have general supervisory and revisionary jurisdiction over all the Subordinate Courts, and jurisdiction to hear appeals from the Subordinate Courts in civil and criminal matters.

Court of Appeal

The Court of Appeal generally hears all civil appeals against decisions of the High Courts except where against judgment or orders made by consent. In cases where the claim is less than RM250,000, the judgment or order relates to costs only, and the appeal is against a decision of a judge in chambers on an interpleader summons on undisputed facts, the leave of the Court of Appeal must first be obtained.The Court of Appeal also hears appeals of criminal decisions of the High Court. It is the court of final jurisdiction for cases which began in any subordinate courts.

Federal Court

The Federal Court is the highest court in Malaysia. The Federal Court may hear appeals of civil decisions of the Court of Appeal where the Federal Court grants leave to do so. The Federal Court also hears criminal appeals from the Court of Appeal, but only in respect of matters heard by the High Court in its original jurisdiction (i.e. where the case has not been appealed from the Subordinate Courts).